Saturday, December 28, 2019
Implementation Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
Implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations. These benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Discuss Corporate social responsibility(CSR) isn t a new concern. CSR is usually a managing strategy where organizations integrate sociable and environment concerns into their enterprise surgical procedures and relationships with their stakeholders. The necessity for established social responsibilities in addition to ethical frameworks in business has become a key top priority within our existing modern society. This attitude is supported by the fact that the number of probably the most well-known global companies have been integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR)â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Globally, government authorities are also moving towards the enforcement involving particular aspects of corporate social responsibility, especially in regards to the protection of the environment (Herman 2010). Inside the bus iness model of an enterprise, direct advantages of CSR activities usually are enhancements in the determination of employees and learning processes which often improve the skill level and efficiency of employees. Simultaneously, CSR tends to make a corporation more attractive and as a consequence attracts a large number of highly qualified applicants to that corporation. This particular raises the average skill level of employees. The work efficiency of the employees, improved communication, enhanced eco-friendly strategies and enhanced interaction with suppliers, the overall operational effectiveness boosts when CSR is implied to a certain business design. These positive direct internal effects subsequently result in fundamental cost savings such as recruitment costs, company s turnover , taxes and all other costs(Baines 2015). CSR brings benefits to all stakeholders associated with an organisation. Typically, it is very challenging to be able to generate monies benefits of CSR, as numerous advantages simply get visible and are therefore ultimately elicited by good improvements through CSR. This specific research will differentiate Implementation Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations. These benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Discuss Corporate social responsibility(CSR) isn t a new concern. CSR is usually a managing strategy where organizations integrate sociable and environment concerns into their enterprise surgical procedures and relationships with their stakeholders. The necessity for established social responsibilities in addition to ethical frameworks in business has become a key top priority within our existing modern society. This attitude is supported by the fact that the number of probably the most well-known global companies have been integrating corporate social responsibility (CSR) plans into their organization operations has never been greater. Various enterprises have been working on how social responsibility can bring benefits for business ? What aspects of CSR behavior are good for business ? what are costs related to such i nitiatives ? A variety of different arguments have been put forward about this issue. This essay will consider arguments for what reasons implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations and these benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Corporate social responsibility is a key issue for virtually any organization aiming for extended sustainability. Even though this can be a mainly voluntary concept, there is raising pressureShow MoreRelatedImplementation Of Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives1150 Words à |à 5 Pages Implementation of corporate social responsibility initiatives provides various benefits to organizations. These benefits outweigh the costs of such initiatives. Discuss Corporate social responsibility(CSR) isn t a new concern. CSR is usually a managing strategy where organizations integrate sociable and environment concerns into their enterprise surgical procedures and relationships with their stakeholders. The necessity for established social responsibilities in addition to ethical frameworksRead MoreOrganizational Culture Through Csr Initiatives Are Tentree And Nike Essay1183 Words à |à 5 Pages2016, p. 21). A companyââ¬â¢s corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives can directly reflect organizational culture and the voluntary implementation of these beliefs, expectations and values. It demonstrates their organizational reputability, especially if society benefits from them operating in an economic, social and environmentally sustainable manner (Global Affairs Canada, 2016). Two companies that portray their organizational culture through CSR initiatives are Tentree and Nike. HoweverRead MoreEssay On Csr712 Words à |à 3 Pagesidentify CSR simply with a social denotation and strongly agree with the idea that they are not charity organisations and as such should have no obligation to resolve problems in the society. Therefore, the social issues are the responsibility of governments and not organisations. Referring to a quotation by (Solomon 1993) ââ¬Å"there is a contradiction between an endogenous ability to profit and the companyââ¬â¢s distribution to societyâ⬠. It is worth noting that CSR implementation and activities come withRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1507 Words à |à 7 PagesThe concept of CSR (corporate social responsibility), has been around for many years, it has continued to grow in significance and importance. Moreover, there has been a public debate and commentary on the same subject. For instance, (International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility) argues that CSR has had social-political influence i.e. the political regime, culture and legal systems of many countries around the globe. More companies around the globe in are engaging themselves in CSR activitiesRead MoreThe Truth About Corporate Social Responsibility1111 Words à |à 5 PagesTHE TRUTH ABOUT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: CASE STUDY Introduction Corporate social res ponsibility has been one of the strategies that has been adopted by various corporations across the global business arena. The concept of corporate social responsibility came about because of the increased pressure of the businesses to have concern and discipline over the organizational stakeholders. Many businesses have successfully achieved their goals by embracing these practices and have influenced manyRead MoreSocial Marketing1409 Words à |à 6 Pageswill never compare to the reach and the resources that governments hold. Additionally when deep and radical solutions are required, governments are the most capable institution to face such situation (Trebeck, 2008). 3.4 Developing Corporate Social Responsibility The adaptation and execution process for companies willing to incorporate CSR into their regular practices may be found to be rather complicated and investment demanding. As Henderson (2001) highlights: ââ¬ËCSR involves the adoptionRead MoreCorporations Measured Success By Financial Means Essay1523 Words à |à 7 Pagesundermines the global impact companies can have on society. With the evolution of business into a global market, society requires corporations to emphasize social welfare beyond simple philanthropic contributions. A new initiative called Corporate Social Responsibility blends philanthropy, social initiatives, corporate responsibility, and corporate policy for the overall benefits to various facets of society, including but not limited to investors, employees, and local communities. The traditionalRead MoreImplementation of Corporate Social Responsibility Programs by Foreign Subsidiaries716 Words à |à 3 PagesForeign subsidiaries need to start with a well-planned and defined strategic plan if they are to succeed with their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs, taking into account value creation, risk management and corporate philanthropy as part of their strategic vision for the programs. These three elements are essential for creating a solid foundation to define CSR-based initiative, strategies and programs on. The most effective CSR programs implemented by foreign subsidiaries in the United StatesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : A Comparative Study Of Sbi And Icici Essay1611 Words à |à 7 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Study of SBI and ICICI in India Ms. AnkitaPatel1 1Research scholar, Business Studies Dept., Sardar Patel University AdhyapakSahayak, Anand Law College, Anand-388001, Gujarat, India. Email ââ¬â 2007ankitapatel@gmail.com Abstract: At present Banking sector plays a significant role in the development of the nation, not only as a pillar of the financial system of the nation but also by contributing toward the society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)Read MoreThe Modern Era Of Social Responsibility1523 Words à |à 7 Pagesimplement. Through effort and diligence, corporate and organizational leaders can responsibly serve the global community in which they provide goods and services. Corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR, has been a topic of interest for centuries. However, the modern era of social responsibility didnââ¬â¢t begin until the 1950s when Howerd R. Bowen (often attributed as the Father of Corporate Social Responsibility) published Social Responsibilities of the Businessman in 1953. Here he presented
Friday, December 20, 2019
Value of Life Priceless Essay - 640 Words
Value of Life Essay How does one put a value upon life? That is the question that surfaces in the mind of every individual at least once in a lifetime. The answer is not a definite one. Everyone has various beliefs and morals; this makes manifesting lifeââ¬â¢s value into a definite answer a daunting task. I believe every individual holds a personal value of life, each of us appreciate different aspects of life more than other. Life is priceless. There is no specific value that can be placed upon it. There is no way to weigh a lifeââ¬â¢s worth. Sure you can calculate a personââ¬â¢s economic worth or their career, but a career isnââ¬â¢t a life. There are many aspects as to why life is priceless. You can not measure a personââ¬â¢s values, nor can you weigh theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Life is a rollercoaster of emotion. It can invigorate or devastate. It can produce both success and failure, but no two cases are identical. The same could be said of the value to those who produced the success and failures. There is one thing certain about life, and that is death. Will a life be more valued by someone who fears death more than someone who has come to terms with death? ââ¬Å"No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven donââ¬â¢t want to die to get there.â⬠(Jobs 2) The point is that everyone is somewhat fearful of death. With the fear of death comes the will to survive, or rather the will to live life to its fullest. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦rather bear those ills we have/ Than fly to others that we know not of?â⬠(Shakespeare III.i.26-27) This quote represents the fear many have of death. Why would they want to venture to the unknown? They may cling to life anyway they can. Rodger Ebert once wrote ââ¬Å"I know its coming [death] and I do not fear it, because I believe that there is nothing on the other side of death to fearâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Ebert 3) He might have not valued his life that is why he was okay with dying, right? What i f I told you he also wrote ââ¬Å"What I am grateful for is the gift of intelligence, and for life, love, wonder, and laughter. You canââ¬â¢t say it wasnââ¬â¢t interesting.â⬠(Ebert 3) This just goes to show that lifeââ¬â¢s aspects can be appreciated in different ways. Hamlet appreciates the fact that he knowsShow MoreRelatedââ¬Å"Everyday Useâ⬠by Alice Walker Essay1310 Words à |à 6 PagesThe evidence of culture and traditions become very clear with the introduction of the family quilt. For example, Dee says that ââ¬Å"the quilts are pricelessâ⬠and decides to keep them as a material substances. Maggie, her sister, also sees the quilt as priceless but priceless as it relates to her culture. Walker focuses on African American heritage and its value. She emphasizes that cultures are the foundation of families and pointing out to the reader that traditions are rooted in everyday use. ââ¬Å"EverydayRead MoreThe Priceless Treasure By Peggy Bacon972 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the illustration ââ¬Å"The Priceless Find (Antique Shop)â⬠, the artist Peggy Bacon is satirizing the idea of an antique by both emphasizing the idea of beauty and rarity which is considered directly with an antique as well as point out the literal definition of an ââ¬Å"antiqueâ⬠. The artwork, created in 1943, was made in a time where America was preoccupied World War II. This historical detail allows the viewer furthermore to understating the reason why Bacon chose to point out the absurdity of antiquesRead MorePurpose of a Living Will and the Morality of Euthanasia829 Words à |à 4 Pagespatientââ¬â¢s life because it has been decided they would be better off dead. Since euthanasia involves killing another person, voluntarily or not, a virtuous person considers euthanasia acceptable. There are two main categories of euthanasia, voluntary (conducted with consent) and involuntary (conducted without consent). Also, we come upon two practical classifications of euthanasia: active (injecting lethal substance or forces used to end patientââ¬â¢s life) and passive (withholding of life-sustainingRead MoreOur Morality, Lessons And Things That We Learn Through The Course Of Our Lives905 Words à |à 4 Pages Each of these stories represent pieces of our morality, lessons and things that we learn through the course of our lives ââ¬â and also that we can suppress those lessons and ideas. General Zaroff rationalized away murder, reducing the value of human life to mere amusements for him to hunt down. The villagers in The Lottery performed ritual murders themselves as a kind of harvest or fertility ritual for reasons they hadnââ¬â¢t understood for generations, displaying a terrifying ability to see peopleRead MoreProperty, Plant, And Equipment For Profit Enti ties1212 Words à |à 5 Pagesreceivedâ⬠are to be recognized in the period received. This is relatively intuitive, but causes concern when related to items with unidentifiable value. The FASB states that contributions have no value unless they can be ââ¬Å"used internally by the not-for-profit entityâ⬠or ââ¬Å"sold by the NFPâ⬠(FASB, 2015). Items that do not fall under these two categories have no value and should not be recognized. If the not-for-profit decides to accept these gifts, they will often classify the items as collections. DepreciationRead MoreUtilitarianism And The Political And Economic Aspects Of Development1493 Words à |à 6 Pageshuge impact. But the utilitarian always at the place of criticism, misunderstanding. People tend to equate utilitarianism simply with individualism. In fact, the means of utilitarianism not only consider a behaviour and motivation, and to emphasize life purpose should emerge to the scope of his own happiness, to care about other people s happiness and the improvement of the human condition, from self-interest to self-sacrifice, is a kind of noble moral sentiment pursue ââ¬Å"maximizing utilityâ⬠. ThisRead MoreAmerica, by Claude McKay Essay1103 Words à |à 5 Pagesabandon hope in, but something to fight for. The struggle of putting up with the racist mistreatment is evident even in the first four lines: ââ¬Å"Although she feeds me bread of bitterness, And sinks into my throat her tigers tooth, Stealing my breath of life, I will confess I love this cultured hell that tests my youth.â⬠(McKay) These lines express quite graphically that the relationship between young black immigrants and America, is what would be referred to as a ââ¬Å"love/hateâ⬠relationship. ThoughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Ending Sentence Of The Story 836 Words à |à 4 Pagesironic because, when leading up to it, it is established that Mathilde Loisel spent ten years of her life paying back debt. This debt, of coarse, being from having to buy a new necklace after losing the one that she borrowed from Mme. Forestier. The ending is ironic because it tells the reader that the original necklace was fake and that Mathilde Loisel had basically just wasted ten years of her life working very hard at bad jobs to pay for something that she only bought because she thought that sheRead MoreMy Experience Of My Life : My Quality Of Life848 Words à |à 4 Pagesspiritââ¬â¢s high during the ill-fated situation I was faced with. My quality of life would not be diminished during my last months. Ironically, it was the same amount of time my parents had to prepare for my birth after conception. When thinking about that, the first thing that came to mind was my twenty-two-mo nth-old twins Landon and Leila. I then decided my last nine months would be devoted to them and my family. Since I lived a life where I would give the shirt off my back to a stranger, I was contentRead MoreComm 1011470 Words à |à 6 Pagescontinue produce the Pinto without making an improvement regardless of consumersââ¬â¢ safety because its prototype tests did not meet the safety requirement of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. They should not put the value of money prioritise than human life. Firstly, they decided to sell it instead of making an improvement. Next, they were dishonest because they did not dispose it out to outside world about the dangerous of the Ford Pinto and tried to keep for secret. Besides, they used
Thursday, December 12, 2019
Controversial Marketing Communications â⬠Free Samples to Students
Question: Discuss about the Controversial Marketing Communications. Answer: Introduction Marketing communication is the section of the marketing department of a business organization management that deals with the communication of the organization with the end customers. There are several medium of communication in the marketing field: advertising, public relation, digital marketing and many more. The objective of communication depends upon the product or service that the company is promoting, sometimes the objective is a launch of a new product where as sometimes it is based on increasing the sales of a particular product there can be several reasons. In order to stand out in the communication process there is a continuous pressure on the organization to come up with something unique in terms of content visualization, audio etc. A company has to be constantly under the limelight in order to retain the recall value with the existing customers and to build potential customer base. Therefore in pursuit to stay in the minds of the people organizations take a step ahead and create controversies in the content or the visual representation of advertising or take a risky public relation stunt which makes the headline. It is said that any publicity is good publicity, but bad publicity has proven to be bad for the organization in many cases. Again creations of controversies have also created success in the communication process (Levinson 2007). Market rivalry or competition in the industry is common for all business organizations management. The idea is to grab the majority of the market share in terms of sales. Business organizations are in a constant pursuit to standing out and make a unique statement in the crowded market competition with the help of marketing approaches which are different and catchy. Companies focus on the marketing communication is to garner the attention of the existing or potential customers as well as other stakeholders, it is believed that the memory of the public is short term and the exclusivity of the product or services has to be reminded to the population over and over again. Guerrilla marketing is a term that is gaining popularity in the recent past because of the aforementioned reasons. This is a marketing approach that is taken up by the business organizations all over the world which involves strategies in the marketing process which are controversial in nature. The effectiveness of this approach of marketing has garnered a lot of success and popularity, but at the same time it also has significant challenges and issues which have to be addressed before stepping in to this marketing process (Hutter and Hoffmann 2011). This study is being conducted focusing on the guerilla marketing approaches. In this study the point of focus is going to be the case of Woolworths. Woolworths is a popular chain of retail supermarket in Australia. The company is going to be studied for gathering in-depth understanding and analysis of the success and failure of the aspects that are associated with the controversial marketing approach taken by the company. The core ides of this study and research project is to find out the dynamics of controversial or guerrilla marketing approaches in order to recognize the aspects that establish success or failure of the approach (Kraus et al. 2009). Research questions and objectives Based on the type of products and services the company has to offer the marketing tactics change from one organization to another. Communicating with the stakeholders of the company is very essential for the organization to understand their expectation and grievances and improve the quality of the offering. This study will be conducted to understand the effectiveness and the impact of the guerrilla marketing approaches of Woolworths. The aim of this research study is to analyze and understand the dynamics of controversial marketing communication in order to examine the factors associated with the success or failure of this approach. The following are the objectives of the study to fulfill the aim of the research paper: To analyze the notion of controversial marketing communication To identify the success and failure factors of this marketing approach To evaluate the case of Woolworths for gaining insights Contemporary, unconventional and unique are the ways of the new marketing approaches that are taken up by various business organizations all over the world. It is one of the most trending and popular marketing tactics in todays time. In order to create and develop an alluring brand personality companies have considered executing the controversial marketing approaches. It is also believed to strengthen the position of the company in the highly competitive market. Guerrilla marketing calls for attention in a desperate way it is sure to gather attention (Levinson 2007). Nevertheless, one of the major problems of this type of marketing strategies is that it makes way for several debates and can cause failure of the campaign. Nevertheless, there are also cases where the controversial or guerrilla marketing tactics work quite successfully for the company and paves the way for it to reach the exclusive market. Therefore this topic of research is very relevant at this point of time as it is actively implemented by many organizations. The case of Woolworths will provide understanding and insight about the subject and its effectiveness (Kraus et al. 2009). Expected research outcome The result of this study is that will deliver a theoretical framework for examining the factors that determine the success and failure of controversial or guerrilla marketing by studying the approaches applied by Woolworths. The idea of marketing is to make potential and existing end customers aware of the product and services that the company has to offer or to promote an existing idea. Creating a controversy automatically garners attention. Though the response of customers and marketing managers that are being surveyed a relation can be drawn to analyze the effectiveness of this approach and how it can positively affect the future of the company (Levinson 2007). With the help of this study business organizations will gain knowledge about this contemporary concept of marketing management. Marketing teams of companys can use this analysis to understand weather the dynamics of their organization is compatible with this approach of marketing. Teams can also identify and understand the risk quotient that is associated with the controversial marketing. The element of surprise and evidences of creativity is the fundamentals on which the guerrilla marketing approach is based. The term that is used it describe the controversial from of marketing is derived from the guerrilla warfare technique which includes ambushes, interruption, raids and most importantly the elements of surprise. Similarly, the marketing style also includes high energy and imagination as mentioned before. When a company communicates with the stakeholders it is a mass communication process. One of the main reasons for this approach to gain popularity is that it is deemed by experts to be budget friendly. The actual investment that is required in this marketing is a creative mind and an intellectual thought process. The execution of the process depends on the idea which does not have to be expensive (Hutter and Hoffmann 2011). The message that is denoted in the diagram is the marketing approach in this case the controversial marketing technique. In return the company garners attention, increases the knowledge about the products and service among the stakeholders. Manage to gather media coverage as well which in turn acts like a bonus. In order to conduct the study and to understand the dynamics of the researcher a procedure and plan of action has to be implemented so that the researcher does not waste time and money that has been invested in this research. Any research includes two basic types of process secondary research and the primary research which is followed by the differentiation of the process in between qualitative and quantitative approach. This is a part of the research that is conducted by refereeing and analyzing the works of academics and scholars in the subject of the paper. This helps the researcher lay down the fundaments of the primary research. Literature review is a summary of the previous work that is been carried out in the similar topic the research has put down the important points and insights gathered from the previous work under the heading of literature. The literature consists of information and findings that are relevant to the study this might include previous concepts, graphs, ideas and practices can be referred concerning this marketing communications and its types as well as understanding the dynamics. To understand the significant aspects and factors that are associated with controversial marketing tactics the research will get help from the existing literature. A detailed theoretical background is very necessary in order to understand a concept and then build hypothesis on the basis of the unde rstanding this can be derived from the previous work. The secondary research tools that will be used are taken from academic material, like books, journals, credible newspaper articles and web sources (Johnson and Christensen 2000). This is the step that will be taken after the literature is complete and enough knowledge is gathered regarding the topic and regarding the current updates about the study. Now, to proceed with the research, practical information and data in real time is required in order to understand the current situation on the practices of controversial marketing communication. To study the concept of guerilla or controversial marketing the case of Woolworths is chosen to get a closer insight about the approach by focusing on one organization instead of many. This will also help us determine the success rate of the approach for the company. The tools that re going to be used of the purpose of collecting primary data are: Interview: This is a qualitative approach of research in which the research is focused on understanding the perspective of a person who is associated with the topic of research. Interview is an interpersonal communication process which helps the researcher gathers a lot of information. Some of the prerequisites of an Interview are: background knowledge, preparation of questions, developing interpersonal skills etc. marketing managers of the organization will be interviewed to understand and analyze the marketing approach of Woolworths. A structured to the point questionnaire will be prepared for interviewing the managers and their feedbacks will be recorded on the guerilla marketing approaches of Woolworth. These will give the researcher an in depth idea about the practical use of the concept and its effectiveness. The managers can also give an idea about the chances of success and failure of the approach and what are the factors that impact these outcomes. Survey: A survey in a research study is a tool that allows a researcher gather quantitative results from the outcomes of the survey. A survey will give out numerical analysis and review on the topic of research this will help the researcher to base the hypothesis of the study on the numeric and logical reasoning. Questionnaire is the tool that is going to be used in order to initiate the survey process, it will consists of few to the point and close-ended questions. The survey will include 30 marketing executives of the company. With this survey analysis the researcher can come up with charts, numbers and figures to back up the discussion or the qualitative research that has been done earlier (Johnson and Christensen 2000). The research paper will include sections as described below: Section one: The first section of the paper is going to consist of the research proposal which will give an idea about the procedures of the research. Section two: This section is going to consist of a comprehensive definition of the concept of guerrilla marketing techniques; it is also going to discuss the advantages of the process as well as the challenges that are faced by the controversial marketing techniques. The second section is also going to include the literature review that the researcher is going to conduct as secondary research. Section three: This section is going to display all the information and the data that has been collected from the interviews and surveys that has been conducted by the researcher as primary research. Section four: in the fourth section the process of analyzing the data and reviewing of the information will be put down in order to keep track of all the findings. This section will be divided in qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Section five: this is the conclusion and the recommendation part of the research, here the researcher is going discuss about the findings and the outcomes of the research after analysis. After coming to a conclusion the researcher is going to recommend solutions for the challenges that are faced by the approach and how the researcher feels that it can be improved in terms of impact and investment. Section six: This is the section that is going to include the reference list for the entire research process. Gantt chart The following schedule explains the course of action in terms of that will be incorporated by the researcher in the study. The study will be conducted in 12 weeks and the breakup of the time is given as follows: Activity Week1-2 Week 3-4 Week 5-6 Week 7-8 Week 9-10 Week 11-12 Selection of topic Creation of the research proposal Literature review/ secondary data Theme based analysis Gathering of primary data Analysis of data Conclusions and recommendations Budget allocation and justification For the researcher to complete the project in the allocated time in the Gantt chart, the researcher will require a budget of $1500. The breakup of the budget is explained below: Literature review on the topic of research will take $500 in order to access libraries online and offline to gather relevant information. Travel expense while conducting the interview will include $500. The survey is going to be taken place in the traditional way as the e-mailing of questionnaire usually gets ignored by the population. The traditional way is more substantial and will required $ 250 to record, print and analyze. The analysis of the data collected may incur some cost of about $250. Reference list: Hutter, K. and Hoffmann, S., 2011. Guerrilla marketing: The nature of the concept and propositions for further research.Asian Journal of Marketing,5(2), pp.39-54. Johnson, B. and Christensen, L., 2000.Educational research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Allyn Bacon. Kraus, S., Harms, R. and Fink, M., 2009. Entrepreneurial marketing: moving beyond marketing in new ventures. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 11(1), pp.19-34. Levinson, J.C., 2007.Guerrilla Marketing: Easy and Inexpensive Strategies for Making Big Profits from Your SmallBusiness. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
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